从“老鼠药”逆袭成“抗凝传奇”:华法林的前世今生
神秘的牛病问题
止血剂的分离
图2. 华法林、维生素K、香豆素和双香豆素的结构,来源:文献6
华法林的合成
Stahmann在WARF(威斯康星校友研究基金会)的支持下申请了该变种的专利。他们以“华法林”的名义出售老鼠药。他以WARF的名字命名了该药物,该基金会为他的研究提供了资金。华法林中的“-arin”来自香豆素(coumarin)。华法林可以杀死老鼠,但对猫和狗等大型动物毒性不大。
偶然发现其对人体无毒性
华法林的生化作用机制
参考文献(可上下滑动):
[1] Wardrop, D., & Keeling, D. (2008). The story of the discovery of heparin and warfarin. British Journal of Haematology, 141(6), 757–763. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07119.x
[2] Nisar, T., Sutherland-Foggio, H., & Husar, W. (2020). Rural origins of warfarin.The Lancet Neurology, 19(1), 35.
[3] The invention of warfarin. American Chemical Society. (n.d.). https:// www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/warfarin.html#:~:text=Mark%20A.,a%20UW-Madison%20biochemistry%20laboratory.&text=Warfarin%20tablets
[4] Link, K. P. (1959). The discovery of dicumarol and its sequels.Circulation, 19(1), 97-107.
[5] Kresge, N., Simoni, R. D., & Hill, R. L. (2005). Hemorrhagic sweet clover disease, dicumarol, and warfarin: the work of Karl Paul Link.Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280(8), e6-e7.
[6] Doolittle, R. F. (2016). Some important milestones in the field of blood clotting.Journal of Innate Immunity, 8(1), 23-29.
[7] Holmes, R. W. (1952). Suicide attempt with warfarin, a BISHYDROXYCOUMARIN-like Rodenticide. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 148(11), 935. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1952.62930110003013a
[8] Lim, G. B. (2017). Warfarin: From rat poison to clinical use. Nature Reviews Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2017.172
[9] Francis, C. W. (2008). Warfarin: an historical perspective.ASH Education Program Book, 2008(1), 251-251.
[10]Pirmohamed, M. (2006). Warfarin: almost 60 years old and still causing problems. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 62(5), 509.
穿越血脑屏障的多肽药物,让尺寸不再是障碍!
抗耐药结核战役(下):战争从未熄火,硝烟下的舒达吡啶或带来希望